Non speaking Vs non verbal - Which term to use?

Non-Speaking vs. Non-Verbal — Which Term to use?

The terms non-verbal and non-speaking are often used interchangeably, but they carry different implications — and choosing the right one matters, especially when referring to individuals who use alternative forms of communication.

✅ Use “Non-Speaking”

What it means: The person does not use oral speech to communicate.

Why it’s preferred: It focuses specifically on speech without implying the absence of language, thought, or communication skills.

Example: A non-speaking child may communicate using AAC (augmentative and alternative communication), gestures, writing, or body language — they have language, just not spoken words.

? Be Cautious with “Non-Verbal”*

What it traditionally means: Someone who does not use words or language.

Why it's problematic: It can wrongly suggest that the person cannot understand or express language at all — which is often not true.

Note: While “non-verbal” has long been used in clinical settings, it is increasingly seen as misleading and outdated in the context of neurodivergent and AAC-using individuals.

? Semantics

“Verbal” technically means “connected to words” — not just speech. So “non-verbal” literally means “without words,” which misrepresents many non-speaking people who do have language, thoughts, and rich communication.

Autistics themselves, along with clinicians and advocates now prefer “non-speaking” as it affirms the individual’s capacity for language while simply describing the mode of expression.

Related terms like “minimally speaking,” “non-vocal,” or “non-oral” may also be used depending on the context and individual preference — reflecting a spectrum rather than a binary.

✔️ Recommendation:

Whenever possible, use “non-speaking” to respectfully and accurately describe someone who does not speak but can and does communicate — often in powerful and creative ways.